Analysis of the Differences and Characteristics of H-shaped Steel

The difference between H-beam and I-beam

01 I-shaped steel, whether ordinary or lightweight, due to its relatively high and narrow cross-sectional dimensions, has a significant difference in the inertia moments of the two main sleeves of the cross-section. Therefore, it can generally only be directly used for components that are bent in the plane of its web or to form a lattice load-bearing component. It is not suitable to use axial compression components or components with bending perpendicular to the web plane, which limits their application range.

02 H-shaped steel belongs to the economic cutting profile (including cold-formed thin-walled steel, profiled steel plates, etc.). Due to their reasonable cross-sectional shape, they can enhance the efficiency of the steel and improve its load-bearing capacity. Unlike ordinary I-beams, the flange of H-beams has been widened, and the inner and outer surfaces are usually parallel, making it easier to connect with other components using strength bolts. Its size composition series is reasonable, and the models are complete, making it easy to design and choose. The flanges of the 03 H-beam are all of equal thickness, with rolled sections and composite sections composed of three plates connected. I-beams are all rolled sections, and due to poor production technology, there is a 1:10 slope on the inner edge of the flange. The rolling of H-beam steel is different from ordinary I-beam steel, which only uses one set of horizontal rollers. Due to its wide flange and no slope (or very small slope), it is necessary to add a set of vertical rollers for rolling at the same time. Therefore, its rolling process and equipment are more complex than ordinary rolling mills. The height of rolled H-beams that can be produced domestically is 800mm, which can only be used for connecting composite sections. The national standard for hot-rolled H-beams in China (GB/T11263-1998) divides H-beams into three categories: narrow flanges, wide flanges, and steel piles, with codes hk and hu, respectively. Narrow flange H-shaped steel is suitable for beams or compression bending components, while wide flange H-shaped steel and H-shaped steel piles are suitable for axial compression or compression bending components. Compared with H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel is inferior in terms of w, ix, and iy under equal weight conditions.

Analysis of the characteristics of section steel

High structural strength: Compared with I-beam, it has a larger cross-sectional modulus and can save 10% to 15% of the metal under the same bearing conditions.

The design style is flexible and rich: under the same beam height, the steel structure bay can be 50% larger than the concrete structure bay, making the building layout more flexible.

Light self weight of structure: Compared with the self weight of concrete structures, the reduction of the self weight of the structure reduces the internal force of the structural design, which can lower the requirements for foundation treatment of building structures, facilitate construction, and reduce costs.

High structural stability: Steel structures mainly made of hot-rolled H-beams have a scientific and reasonable structure, good plasticity and flexibility, and high structural stability. They are suitable for building structures that withstand large vibration and impact loads, and have strong resistance to natural disasters, especially suitable for building structures with multiple vibration zones. According to statistics, among the destructive disasters of level 7 or above in the world, steel structures mainly made of H-beams are less affected.

Increasing the usable area of the structure: Compared with concrete structures, steel structure columns have a smaller cross-sectional area, which can increase the usable area of the building. Depending on the different forms of the building, it can increase the usable area by 4-6%.

Save labor and materials: Compared with connecting H-shaped steel, it can significantly save labor and materials, reducing