Key points of steel structure design

Simple Steps and Design Ideas for Steel Structure Design

（1） Determine whether the structure is suitable for steel structure

Steel structures are usually used in high-rise, large-span, complex structures, heavy loads or cranes, workshops with significant vibrations, high temperatures, high sealing requirements, and structures that require mobility or frequent disassembly. Intuitively speaking, buildings, gyms, opera houses, bridges, television towers, warehouses, factories, residential and temporary buildings, etc. This is consistent with the characteristics of steel structures themselves.

（2） Structural Selection and Layout

This is only a brief introduction. Please refer to relevant professional books for details. Due to the wide range of structural selection, structural selection and layout should be carried out under the guidance of experienced engineers.

The concept design should be emphasized throughout the entire process of steel structure design, which is particularly important during the structural selection and layout stage. For some problems that are difficult to make precise and accurate analysis or are not specified in the specifications, the layout and detailed measures of the control structure can be determined from a global perspective based on the design ideas obtained from the mechanical relationship, failure mechanism, seismic damage, experimental phenomena, and engineering experience between the overall structural system and subsystems. The use of conceptual design can quickly and effectively conceptualize, compare, and select in the early stages. The obtained structural scheme is often easy to calculate by hand, has clear concepts, is qualitatively correct, and can avoid unnecessary tedious calculations in the structural analysis stage. At the same time, it is also the main basis for determining the reliability of the output data of computer internal force analysis. No matter how powerful the structural software may be, solid structural concepts and mechanical analysis, as well as reliable manual computing ability, are the essential qualities

Steel structures usually come in various structural forms such as frames, flat (wooden) frames, grid frames (shells), cable membranes, light steel, towers and masts.

Most of its theories and technologies are mature. There are also some problems that have not been solved, or there is no simple and practical design method, such as the stability of the grid shell.

When selecting structures, their different characteristics should be considered. In light steel industrial buildings, when there is a significant hanging load or moving load, it can be considered to abandon the portal rigid frame and use a grid structure. In areas with high snow pressure on the roof, the roof curve should be conducive to the sliding of accumulated snow (snow load needs to be considered within 50 degrees of the tangent line), such as using a three center circular grid shell for the limestone warehouse shed of Yadong Cement Plant. Nearly half of the total snow load is released. Similar considerations are given to areas with high rainfall. When the building allows, arranging supports in the frame will have better economic efficiency than simply connecting the nodes to the frame. In buildings with a large span of roof covering, a suspension cable or cable membrane structure system with components mainly subjected to tension can be selected. In the design of high-rise steel structures, steel-concrete composite structures are often used. In high-rise buildings with high or irregular seismic intensity, the form of unfavorable seismic resistance of the core tube and outer frame should not be chosen solely for the sake of economy. It is advisable to choose a structural system with surrounding giant src columns and a supporting frame as the core. More than half of such high-level officials in our country are the former. Disadvantageous to earthquake resistance. The key to fully utilizing material properties is to arrange the load-bearing units as far as possible towards the outside and around the structure, just like hollow bamboo, so external strength and internal weakness are important

The layout of the structure should be comprehensively considered based on system characteristics, load distribution, and properties